مجله تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

In this study, the effect of L-Carnitine was investigated on reducing the alcohol damage in the testes of adult rats. Alcohol leads to oxidative damage and L-Carnitine protects from oxidative damage as an antioxidant. In this study, in 20 adult male Wistar rats damage were induced by 30% ethanol with a dose of three gr/kg. To prevent injury, L-Carnitine with a dose of 100mg/kg was used. Finally, blood samples were taken from the rats and testosterone concentration was measured. After the rats euthanizing, the testes were removed, weighed and fixed in 10% formalin buffer solution for 72 hours. After processing with standard histological methods and paraffin molding, 5 microns sections were prepared and studied histomorphometrically after H&E staining. Findings of this study revealed that Ethanol significantly reduced testicular weight, serum testosterone concentration, and testicular histomorphometric parameters. Treatment of L-Carnitine resulted in a significant increase in testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial thickness, serum testosterone concentration and number of Spermatogonia, Primary Spermatocytes, Spermatids and Leydig cell compared to the positive group. Therefore, it can be concluded that oral L-Carnitine at a dose of 100 mg/kg can partially prevent the damage caused by ethanol.

This study was conducted to determine the ethiopathologic role of M. haemolitica in pneumonia of dromedary camel in Semnan province, Iran. In 37 round of investigation in Semnan slaughterhouse during autum and wintr 2012, 198 out of approximately 297 slauthered camel were randomly selected and subjected to postmortem examination for any sign of pneumonia. Based on approximate age, these camels were divided into 3 grioups as: ≤ 2 year, 2-5 year and ≥ 5 year. Out of 198 examined camels, 66 (33.33%) lungs had macroscopic signs of pneumonia. Proper samples from pneumonic and 13 apparently healthy lungs (approximately 10% of total apparently normal lugs) and under controlled conditions were obtained and for further microbiological and pathological investigations were dispatched to related laboratories. Based on culture results obtained from microbiological examinations, M. heamolytica was isolated in only 6 lungs belong to group with macroscopic lesions and not from apparently healthy lungs. In histopathologic study, except 4 (6.06%) cases of fibrinopurrulent bronchopneumonia and 1 (1.51%) case of pleuropneumonia, the remaining 61 (92.42%) pneumonic lungs, revealed various degrees of microscopic lesions of interstitial pneumonia from mild and acute to chronic form. The present study indicated, for the first time, the role of this microorganism in camel pneumonia in Semnan district.

Linguatula serrata is a toungue-shaped parasite and one of the ethiologic causes of zoonotic diseases between human and animals. Human can be infected by both the nymph stage and the egg, causing a disease condition called nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome, and a condition called visceral linguatulosis respectively.In this study an eight year old female camel with history of infertility was scarified in autumn 2017 in one of the vilages of Garmsar county in Semnan province northeast of Iran. Mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes were inspected postmortem for the presence of L. serrate nymphs and proper samples obtained and transferred to parasitology department for further investigation.Nymphs were examined and detected through sectioning and maceration of lymphatic glands and digestion in digestive solution. After completing the required tests, lymph node samples were recognized as positive and the case was reported as the first case of Linguatulosis in camel in Semnan province.

Many morphological studies have been carried out about the urinary system, humans, domestic animals, and birds. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the urinary system in pheasants. For this research, 20 male and female pheasants were randomly selected and their kidneys and urinary tracts were studied morphologically. The middle lobe of the pheasant kidney is the largest lobe and the posterior lobe is the smallest lobe. The placement and shape of pheasant kidneys are very similar to other birds, especially chickens. The border of the anterior lobe with the middle lobe and the middle lobe with the posterior lobe is completely defined. The average length and width of all three lobes in females are slightly less than in males. In several birds the posterior lobes of the right and left kidneys are combined in the midline. But in domestic chickens and pheasants, the right and left posterior lobes are separated and have a distinct border. Like other birds, the pheasant does not have a bladder. The parenchyma of pheasant kidney lobes consists of a number of tissue units in the form of lobules, pheasant kidney lobules, like other birds, have two cortical and central parts. Apart from the parenchyma, the central part of the kidney has a central cone, which is one of the characteristics of the kidney tissue of birds, similar to the cortical part.

Formaldehyde (FA), scientifically known as methanol and known by the chemical formula CH2O, is a colorless, water-soluble gas whose pure form is a stimulant. Due to the high use of formaldehyde in various industries as well as its high ability to fix and maintain body tissues. Formaldehyde directly reacts with tissue components and its cytotoxicity is probably due to its high reactivity. In this study investigate the toxic effects of formaldehyde on people who deal with this substance regularly, such as anatomists, medical students, and workers in various industries. For this study, 24 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six. Animals had free access to adequate water and food. After the adaptation period, the animals were divided into the following groups: control group: normal saline recipient by inhalation, group one: 1ppm formaldehyde recipient, group 2: 2ppm formaldehyde recipient, group 3: 3ppm formaldehyde recipient. Exposure time was from 8:30 am to 2:30 pm for six hours a day for seven days. At the end of the exposure, lung, and brain tissue sections were taken, stained, and then studied. Blood samples were also taken from the heart to evaluate liver enzymes. The DG region of the cerebral hippocampus sections showed an increasing trend of neuronal necrosis and degenerative changes of neurons in groups 2 and 3 and pathological changes such as leukocyte infiltration, alveolar wall thickness, and vascular congestion in the lung tissue sections were also significant in groups 2 and 3.
The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between increasing the dose of formalin intake and brain, lung, and liver damage

This study aims to determine the incidence of Sarcocystis sp. Infection in slaughtered Buffaloes in the abattoir of Khoy, Iran by digestive method. From March to September 2017,102 slaughtered Buffaloes were investigated for the presence of Macroscopic Sarcocystis by direct observation. Then from each of investigated carcass was classified into groups of age, sex and infected muscle tissue and sampling was done. In the laboratory, the samples were sectioned into 2-3 mm slices and carefully observed for probable macroscopic cysts. The samples were observed using a digestion method. The study showed that out of 39 male buffaloes, 10 (25.64%) and out of 63 female buffaloes, 16 (25.40%) were positive in terms of infection. No macrocysts were observed in buffaloes. This study showed that the digestion method is better than the observational method in the diagnosis of buffaloes. The data analysis indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between age groups, and the infection rate increased with age (P<0.05). The infection rate was independent of sex, and the difference between males and females was not significant (P>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in different examined muscles, especially in skeletal muscle (P<0.05).

Liver flukes cause important diseases such as fascioliasis and dicroceliasis in ruminants, which can lead to economic losses in livestock farming. In addition, as zoonotic diseases, they are also of great importance for health. Control programs require knowledge of the distribution of species in endemic areas. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence and severity of liver fluke infection in animals slaughtered at the Sanandaj slaughterhouse. In to determine the degree of parasite infection in the livers of cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered in the industrial slaughterhouse of the city of Sanandaj in the spring of 2022 (April to June) for three months, the livers of the slaughtered animals were examined by macroscopic observation and a Questionnaire examined. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 statistical software, descriptive statistics, and chi-square testing. The results of this study showed that of the total number of livers examined, the, the infection rate for Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is 2.44% and the infection rate for Dicrocoelium dendriticum is 3.04% (P<0.05). This study shows that one of the important reasons for confiscation of liver and carcasses in animals slaughtered at Sanandaj slaughterhouse is the presence of parasitic liver fluke diseases, which in addition result in economic losses due to loss of livestock and confiscation of carcasses or organs. The infected animals as well as the reduction of animal production indicate risks to the health of the inhabitants of the area, which, due to the life cycle and transmission of these parasites, require more extensive and extensive sanitation and control measures.

Formaldehyde is a volatile organic substance that is widely used in industry and medicine. According to some studies, formaldehyde has the ability to enter the brain and can lead to neurological complications and disorders related to memory and learning. Some studies have also shown that formaldehyde plays a role in the process of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of formaldehyde on spatial memory, anxiety and obsession in rats. For this purpose, 24 adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups including: 1- control group, 2- group receiving formaldehyde in the amount of 1 ppm, 3-group receiving formaldehyde in the amount of 2 ppm, and 4- group receiving formaldehyde in the amount of 3 ppm. The treated groups were exposed to formaldehyde for seven consecutive days and six hours a day. After the completion of the exposure period and the training and training courses, Open Field and Morris water maze behavioral tests were performed and the data were recorded and analyzed. In the Morris water maze test, with increasing formaldehyde dosage, the time to reach the hidden platform and the amount of presence in the opposite quadrant of the platform increased, and the duration of presence in the SE section and the number of times to enter it decreased. In the Open Field test, exposure to formaldehyde caused a significant increase in the number of crossing lines and grooming behavior and a decrease in the lifting movement on the hind legs (P<0.05). According to the findings of the present study, exposure to inhaled formaldehyde can have a destructive effect on memory and learning and can increase anxiety and obsession.

Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the malignant tumors of the skin that appears at any ages, but it’s more sever in older cases. Its occurrence is more common in cats and dogs, but it also can happen in other species such as sheep. In terms of the location of the lesion, it is mostly possible at the contact line between the mucous membrane and the skin, such as the eyelids. However, in sheep, it occurs more near the ears. The lesion initially appears as redness and peeling. During the progression, dryness and thickening of the skin takes place. From a microscopic point of view, these affected keratinocytes have these signs: karyomegaly, non-polarity, etc.

History: 

A native 4 years old male sheep, weighing 70 kg, was referred to Semnan University Veterinary Hospital with symptoms of anorexia, cachexia, weight loss (more than 40 kg in 1 month) and facial masses. . After clinical examination and palpation of the masses, it was decided to take samples from them.

After sampling by biopsy method, histopathological sections were prepared and SCC was diagnosed. Finally, due to intense conflict, after 3 weeks, the animal died.

Salmonella typhimurium is one of the main causes of food poisoning in humans of animal origin. Long-term and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the development of drug-resistant pathogen strains. Therefore, it seems necessary to replace less harmful substances including medicinal plants.
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antimicrobial and synergistic effect of the erythromycin and Culic®, which includes active ingredients of thyme, licorice, and anise, in order to reduce infection of S. typhimurium in broilers.
40 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were infected with the standard strain of S. typhimurium and were divided into three treatment groups and a negative control group, and on the fourth and twelfth days after euthanasia, they were examined by colony counting method.
The highest bacterial load was observed in the control group. After that, the highest bacterial load was assigned to the culic group and erythromycin group. Finally, the lowest bacterial load was assigned to the treatment group with culic and erythromycin, which was significantly different from other groups.
Culic is effective in reducing S. typhimurium infection, and culic and erythromycin are the best methods of dealing with S. typhimurium in this study.